1248 – The rebuilding of the Cologne Cathedral in Cologne, Germany, began after being destroyed by fire. 1805 – A peace treaty between the…
1248 – The rebuilding of the Cologne Cathedral in Cologne, Germany, began after being destroyed by fire. 1805 – A peace treaty between the…
1516 – The Treaty of Noyon between France and Spain is signed. Francis I of France recognizes Charles’s claim to Naples, and Charles V, Holy…
1323 – Signature of the Treaty of Nöteborg between Sweden and Novgorod (Russia), that regulates the border between the two countries for the first time.…
3114 BC – The Mesoamerican Long Count calendar, used by several pre-Columbian Mesoamerican civilizations, notably the Mayans, begins. 2492 BC – Traditional date of the…
955 – Battle of Lechfeld: Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor defeats the Magyars, ending 50 years of Magyar invasion of the West. 991 – Battle…
48 BC – Caesar’s Civil War: Battle of Pharsalus: Julius Caesar decisively defeats Pompey at Pharsalus and Pompey flees to Egypt. 378 – Gothic War:…
870 – Treaty of Meerssen: King Louis the German and his half-brother Charles the Bald partitions the Middle Frankish Kingdom into two larger east and…
322 BC – Battle of Crannon between Athens and Macedonia. 461 – Roman Emperor Majorian is beheaded near the river Iria in north-west Italy…
1284 – The Republic of Pisa is defeated in the Battle of Meloria by the Republic of Genoa, thus losing its naval dominance in the…
25 – Guangwu claims the throne as emperor, restoring the Han dynasty after the collapse of the short-lived Xin dynasty. 642 – Battle of Maserfield:…
1327 – First War of Scottish Independence: James Douglas leads a raid into Weardale and almost kills Edward III of England. 1532 – The Duchy…
1031 – Olaf II of Norway is canonized as Saint Olaf by Grimketel, the English Bishop of Selsey. 1342 – The Siege of Algeciras commences…
338 BC – A Macedonian army led by Philip II defeated the combined forces of Athens and Thebes in the Battle of Chaeronea, securing Macedonian…
30 BC – Octavian (later known as Augustus) enters Alexandria, Egypt, bringing it under the control of the Roman Republic. 69 – Batavian rebellion: The…
30 BC – Battle of Alexandria: Mark Antony achieves a minor victory over Octavian’s forces, but most of his army subsequently deserts, leading to…
762 – Baghdad is founded by caliph Al-Mansur. 1635 – Eighty Years’ War: The Siege of Schenkenschans begins; Frederick Henry, Prince of Orange, begins the…
1588 – The English defeated the Spanish Armada in the Battle of Gravelines. 1148 – The Siege of Damascus ends in a decisive crusader defeat…
1794 – French Revolution: Maximilien Robespierre and Louis Antoine de Saint-Just are executed by guillotine in Paris, France. 1821 – Peru declared its independence from…
1214 – At the Battle of Bouvines in France, Philip Augustus of France defeated John of England. 1245 – Frederick II was deposed by a…
1775 – A postal system was established by the 2nd Continental Congress of the United States. The first Postmaster General was Benjamin Franklin. 1788 –…