1397 – The Union of Kalmar united Denmark, Sweden, and Norway under one monarch.

1756 – In India, 150 British soldiers were imprisoned in a cell that became known as the “Black Hole of Calcutta.”

1782 – The U.S. Congress approved the Great Seal of the United States.

1791 – King Louis XVI of France was captured while attempting to flee the country in the so-called Flight to Varennes.

1837 – Queen Victoria ascended the British throne following the death of her uncle, King William IV.

1898 – The U.S. Navy seized the island of Guam enroute to the Phillipines to fight the Spanish.

1910 – Mexican President Porfirio Diaz proclaimed martial law and arrested hundreds.

1923 – France announced it would seize the Rhineland to assist Germany in paying its war debts.

1941 – The U.S. Army Air Forces was established, replacing the Army Air Corps. The Army Air Forces were abolished with the creation of the United States Air Force in 1947.

1963 – The United States and Soviet Union signed an agreement to set up a hot line communication link between the two countries.

1977 – The Trans-Alaska Pipeline began operation.

1983 – The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that employers must treat male and female workers equally in providing health benefits for their spouses.