1138 – Lý Anh Tông is enthroned as emperor of Vietnam at the age of two, beginning a 37-year reign.
1556 – Akbar (14) succeeds his father Humajun as Sultan of Delhi
1556 – Battle at Panipat: Mughals beat hindu leader Hemu
1605 – Gunpowder Plot: Guy Fawkes is arrested.
1630 – Spain & England sign peace treaty
1657 – Murad proclaimed himself Emperor of India.
1688 – William III of England lands with a Dutch fleet at Brixham.
1757 – Seven Years’ War: Frederick the Great defeats the allied armies of France and the Holy Roman Empire at the Battle of Rossbach.
1768 – Treaty of Fort Stanwix, the purpose of which is to adjust the boundary line between Indian lands and white settlements set forth in the Royal Proclamation of 1763 in the Thirteen Colonies.
1780 – French-American forces under Colonel LaBalme are defeated by Miami Chief Little Turtle.
1789 – French National Meeting declares all citizens equal under law
1811 – Salvadoran priest José Matías Delgado, rings the bells of La Merced church in San Salvador, calling for insurrection and launching the 1811 Independence Movement.
1828 – Greek War of Independence: The French Morea expedition to recapture Morea (now the Peloponnese) ends when the last Ottoman forces depart the peninsula.
1838 – Honduras declares independence of Central American Federation
1854 – Crimean War: British & French defeat Russian force of 50,000 at Inkerman
1862 – American Civil War: Abraham Lincoln removes George B. McClellan as commander of the Army of the Potomac.
1862 – American Indian Wars: In Minnesota, 303 Dakota warriors are found guilty of rape and murder of whites and are sentenced to hang. 38 are ultimately executed and the others reprieved.
1872 – Women’s suffrage in the United States: In defiance of the law, suffragist Susan B. Anthony votes for the first time, and is later fined $100.
1883 – Battle at El Obeid Sudan: Mahdi’s army destroys Egyptian army
1898 – Filipinos on Negros Islandrevolt against Spanish rule and establish the short-lived Republic of Negros.
1911 – After declaring war on the Ottoman Empire on September 29, 1911, Italy annexes Tripoli and Cyrenaica.
1911 – Calbraith Rodgers arrives in Pasadena completing 1st transcontinental airplane flight (49 days) (left Sheepshead Bay, NY, Sept 17)
1912 – Woodrow Wilson is elected to the presidency of the United States.
1913 – King Otto of Bavaria is deposed by his cousin, Prince Regent Ludwig, who assumes the title Ludwig III.
1914 – Britain declares war on Turkey and annexes Cyprus, occupied since 1878; the immediate reason is to keep it from being taken by Turkey
1914 – World War I: France and the British Empire declare war on the Ottoman Empire.
1916 – The Kingdom of Poland is proclaimed by the Act of 5th November of the emperors of Germany and Austria-Hungary.
1916 – The Everett massacre takes place in Everett, Washington as political differences lead to a shoot-out between the Industrial Workers of the World organizers and local police.
1917 – October Revolution: In Tallinn, Estonia, Communist leader Jaan Anvelt leads revolutionaries in overthrowing the Provisional Government (As Estonia and Russia are still using the Julian calendar, subsequent period references show an October 23 date).
1925 – Secret agentSidney Reilly, the first “super-spy” of the 20th century, is executed by the OGPU, the secret police of the Soviet Union.
1937 – Adolf Hitler informs his military leaders in a secret meeting of his intentions of going to war
1940 – World War II: The British armed merchant cruiser, HMS Jervis Bay, is sunk by the German pocket battleshipAdmiral Scheer.
1943 – World War II: Bombing of the Vatican.
1943 – The Japanese planes attack Calcutta port.
1945 – Colombia joins the United Nations.
1950 – Korean War: British and Australian forces from the 27th British Commonwealth Brigade successfully halted the advancing Chinese 117th Division during the Battle of Pakchon.
1956 – Britain & France land forces in Egypt in reaction to Egypt nationalizing the Suez Canal
1956 – Israel liberates Sharm-el-Sheikh, reopening Gulf of Aqaba
1961 – India’s premier Nehru arrives in NY
1970 – The Military Assistance Command, Vietnam reports the lowest weekly American soldier death toll in five years (24).
1979 – Iran’s Ayatollah Khomeini declares US “The Great Satan”
1986 – USS Rentz, USS Reeves and USS Oldendorf visit Qingdao (Tsing Tao) China – the first US Naval visit to China since 1949.
1996 – Pakistani PresidentFarooq Leghari dismisses the government of Prime MinisterBenazir Bhutto and dissolves the National Assembly of Pakistan.
2006 – Saddam Hussein, former president of Iraq, and his co-defendants Barzan Ibrahim al-Tikriti and Awad Hamed al-Bandar, are sentenced to death in the al-Dujail trial for their roles in the 1982 massacre of 148 Shi’a Muslims.
2007 – China’s first lunar satellite, Chang’e 1, goes into orbit around the Moon.
2009 – U.S. Army Major Nidal Malik Hasan murders 13 and wounds 32 at Fort Hood, Texas in the deadliest mass shooting at a U.S. military installation.
2012 – Widespread flooding in Nigeria kills 363 people and displaces 2.1 million
2013 – India launches the Mars Orbiter Mission, its first interplanetary probe.